Sabtu, 09 Februari 2013

Ancient Native Americans

By Sarah Haddad


The objective of this specific article is to present the reader an review of Native American craft and what it may include. Towards the ending of this instruction, the audience should be capable to define the words Native American Art, pre-Columbian, post contact, paleoindian, and archaic.

The concept Native American Art refers to the art produced by the indigenous peoples of what is nowadays known as Northern, Southern, and Central America. This can involve art that is referred to as pre-Columbian, indicating it was produced before Columbus and Eurpean people arrived to America, or it may be referred to as colonial or post contact if it was developed after Eurpean people came in contact with Native Americans.

The title Native American Art relates to the craft created by the native peoples of what is these days known as North, Southern, and Middle America. This can include art work which is alluded to as pre-Columbian, which means it was created prior to when Columbus and Europeans arrived to America, or it could be referred to as colonial or post contact if it was produced after Europeans came in contact with Native Americans.

Paleoindians are the forefathers of modern day Native Americans. Stone tools are the most well-known instances of man-made art or artifacts out of indigenous America. Hand-made rock spears could have helped hunters to kill and capture giant wildlife known as megafauna such as mammoth or bison.

The Archaic period followed the late paleoindian phase starting in about 7000 BC. The Archaic time period was over at various times across the Americas, based on when each culture required agriculture as a way of survival.

In the southwest portion of north America, three particular cultures formed which depended on agriculture for subsistence, the Mogollon, Anasazi and Hohokam.

In eastern north America, the Archaic period ended and subsequent cultures included the Adena of what is now Ohio and also the Hopewell cultures. The Adena and Hopewell were amongst the mound-building cultures which designed such effigies as the serpent mound and carvings from copper, mica, and clay.

Between about AD 750 and 1500, many pre-Columbian civilizations thrived in what is now the Tennessee and Mississippi river valleys. These people are collectively known as the Mississippian cultures. The distinctive creations of the Mississippian peoples were big plateau mounds encircled by plazas, which were the basis for the most significant ancient American society in North America, called Cahokia. Additional items from the Mississippian civilizations consist of unique ceramic and repousse copper sculptures.

At about 1500 AD, the pre-Columbian time concluded and the post contact or colonial period commenced for some societies. For some others, it took substantially longer to come into contact with Europeans.




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